Editing Techniques: Sequence Analysis

Many quick cuts are made in the clip to create a tense feeling, this gives the viewer a preview of the danger ahead for the main character. The clip also shows a lot of withheld information, while this scene is happening the viewers know what is happening elsewhere to Walters business associate, Jesse. Gus also implies this to Walter, however it flies over his head as by this point in the series Walter was obsessed with his empire that he had built, and his character progression through the show definitely highlights the person he was and who he is now. During the clip, Walter and Mike walk a long way to Gus's Car, the show then cuts quickly and in the wind mirror is one of Gus's more known henchmen, who are loyal to him, he is always portrayed as violent and dangerous so this will give the viewer a sense of Walt's fate. Upon their meeting, there is a lot of shots that show the two main characters of the scene, Walt and Gus as a group standing parallel to each other, similar to a Mexican standoff. Throughout the conversation there is a lot of Shot Reverse shots used. This is where the camera moves from one persons shoulder to the other, this is good for conversations.  The 180-degree rule is also kept, the backdrop of the mountains and desert atmosphere. After this happens you see a reaction shot from Walt about Gus's threat. Throughout the clip, Mike is also seen giving Walt doubtful looks behind his back, this is to again show the audience that Walt's reasoning doesn't seem to be good enough. The audio was fairly basic however the manner of the dialogue made the scene very tense as throughout the series there had been numerous events leading up to the meeting. Costume-wise, they are all wearing black, this gives the scene a very tense atmosphere. The lighting is kept natural throughout the scene, and the camera shots are mainly focused close-ups of the 2 main characters of the scene, Walt and Gus. All characters are in black during the scene, Breaking Bad is known to use a lot of colours to set the mood of the scene, with black being used to create a serious, formal feeling. The close-up shots are used to show that viewer that Walt has nowhere else to turn and is trapped in his awkward situation. Cutaways, are used to set the tone of the scene, for example, cutting to a negative image, creates tension, where as cutting to a happy image will foreshadow a peaceful scene. These are used frequently to give the viewer a feel of whats to come. This is used in the scene at 0.27, where Walt and Mike are walking towards a desert, and the scene cute to Gus glasses, this tells the viewers that a tense situation is more than likely to happen. This also helps to keep the scene gripping to the viewer even though they are standing while having a discussion. The Continuity system is used, including the 180 degree rule. This means that the camera must stay on one side of the shot so the footage looks continuous. A shot-reverse shot would also be a good idea in order to keep the continuity in the scene. A shot reverse shot is when two characters are having a conversation and the camera and switches between each character when they are talking. A eye line match shot is used to keep the continuity throughout a scene. This is when the camera matches the eye line of a character, this allows the viewers to see what the character is seeing.A cut on action shot is used to show the viewer how a action is done, this is done by cutting from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action. A good example of this is when someone opens a door, and the next shot is a close up of them using the handle. Cuts are used to transition to another scene. Sometimes a scene ends when the screen fades from the shot to darkness, this is used in cliffhangers and tense moments. A dissolve is used to transition from one shot to another, these either contrast, or relate to each other to have a specific  effect on the viewer, this is sometimes used in the contrast of good and evil in movies to show what both sides are planning next. A wipe is when a shot comes from a side of the screen and gradually takes over the previous, this is a interesting way to make quick cuts during action scenes, or two contrast two opposing sides of a story. The 180 degree rule is when the camera angles and characters in the scene must have the same positioning when it comes to moving left or right. If this rule is broken by a camera crossing over the "Axis" Then this is known as crossing the line, this may result in a continuity error however some experienced film makers will able to cross the line without any errors, using a reverse angle shot. A reverse angle shot is when a shot is taken 180 degrees opposite from the previous shot.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/180-degree_rule


Splicing is when the film is cut, this can also be done digitally, otherwise known as online editing. In camera editing is when a scene is shot in a very specific way in a particular order, this is so when the filming is finished, the filmmakers wont have to edit any of the footage.

Digital Editing is when it is done on a computer, this is mostly done on programmes such as premier pro, and other software such as Elgato HD60 which can be downloaded of the internet.


Linear Editing
 Linear video editing is done during the post production process. this is where images, audio, and video are put into a particular sequence. This is rarely used now as computer-based editing software has taken over because of their capability and the ease of access that comes with them. However, this style of editing is still sometimes used in news broadcasting stations as they can edit the footage directly as it comes to them. Some small time productions also use this method of editing as its very cost effective and can be useful in small scale productions.

Non-Linear Editing 
This is also known as non-destructive editing. This concept essentially means that anything captured is not edited, instead, there is "effectively an edit decision list (EDL)," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-linear_editing_system  The first machine that was released for non linear editing was the CMX 600, it was a joint venture by CBS (American News Company) and Memorex, which was a tape producing company. The machine on average could hold half an hours worth of footage and could only be used for Offline editing. This term means that the footage would be duplicated then edited, and the original footage wouldn't be touched.


History of Editing and Animation
Before and during the 1900s a lot of headway was made was made in the editing and animation industry,  the first film that was  made with cuts was the Great train robbery, this came out in 1903, and was the first film to include basic cuts, this was done by the Cinematographer  filming the scene, stopping the camera, and starting it again for the next one so it plays one after another.